Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline associated with amyloid-beta plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. For decades, treatment was limited to symptomatic agents. Recently, disease-modifying therapies have emerged:

• Lecanemab (Leqembi®) and donanemab (Kisunla™) are monoclonal antibodies that target amyloid-beta, slowing cognitive decline when initiated in early-stage disease.

• Ongoing research is focusing on tau-directed therapies, synaptic protection, and neuroinflammation modulation.

These advances underscore the importance of early diagnosis using biomarkers, including PET imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis.